The perhaps most cotroversal change in behavior has happend to the behavior of the empty(). A String containing only the character '0' (zero) is now considered empty while it wasn't in PHP 3.0.
This new behavior makes sense in web applications, with all input fields returning strings even if numeric input is requested, and with PHP's capabilities of automatic type conversion. But on the other had it might break your code in a rather subtele was, leading to misbehavior that is hard to track down if you do not know about what to look for.